Since many other major companies use similar techniques, their accuracy may be about equivalent-but not all tests meet the same standards.
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KIT ACCURACY CAN VARY BASED ON TESTING METHODS.Īccording to company spokesperson Scott Hadly, 23andMe can identify SNPs with 99.9 percent accuracy, which is in a plausible range for the methods they use. Other traits and even some diseases are also associated with certain SNPs, some more strongly than others. For example, having one variant of a specific SNP near the gene OCA2, which codes for a protein believed to be involved in producing the dark pigment melanin, makes it much more likely you’ll have blue or green eyes. Many SNPs have some biological relevance. Much of the sequence is shared among humans, so the companies focus on specific letters that vary from person to person, known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Altogether, this genetic information is called your genome.ĭNA testing companies determine which of the four letters is present at many locations in your genome. We have 3 billion pairs of these bases, so 6 billion letters in all, strung together in a sequence. The building blocks of DNA are chemical bases called nucleotides, which come in four varieties-A, T, C, and G (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, respectively). THE KITS LOOK FOR GENETIC VARIATIONS CALLED SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS.Īfter extracting DNA from your cheek swab or saliva sample, DNA testing companies search your DNA for certain genetic variants. Check out this Wiki chart from the International Society of Genetic Genealogy to compare companies' offerings. In some cases, the price depends on which genetic reports a customer opts to receive: For 23andMe, for instance, a test that only aims to analyze your ancestry is cheaper than one that also includes health information. Most personal DNA tests are relatively affordable: Kits from industry leaders like 23andMe, AncestryDNA, Family Tree DNA, MyHeritage DNA, and Living DNA range from $69 to $199.
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Six to eight weeks later, you can see the results online. Typically, all you have to do is collect some of your saliva or swab the inside of your cheek, then seal the sample in a container and mail it to the lab in a pre-labeled envelope or box. PERSONAL DNA TESTING IS SIMPLE-ALL IT TAKES IS A LITTLE SPIT. But can DNA tests really reveal the nuanced information about ancestry and health that many of us seek? Here are 13 things to know about these personal testing kits. More than 12 million people have had their DNA tested by services like 23andMe and AncestryDNA, and that number is expected to grow substantially in the next few years. The search for our identities-where we came from, what we're made of-is a unifying human experience, and our collective fascination with ourselves as individuals has fueled a booming industry around personal DNA testing.